{"id":14354,"date":"2024-11-15T09:27:33","date_gmt":"2024-11-15T09:27:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hydraflu.com\/?p=14354"},"modified":"2025-06-16T03:32:22","modified_gmt":"2025-06-16T03:32:22","slug":"how-to-prevent-dry-running-pumps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hydraflu.com\/fr\/comment-eviter-le-fonctionnement-a-sec-des-pompes\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment pr\u00e9venir le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes et les probl\u00e8mes qui en d\u00e9coulent"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Pompes<\/p>\n

Introduction<\/h2>\n

Le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes ou de toute machine hydraulique est extr\u00eamement dommageable et les r\u00e9parations peuvent co\u00fbter tr\u00e8s cher. Le plus souvent, l'usure ne laisse d'autre choix que le remplacement de la pompe endommag\u00e9e par un fonctionnement \u00e0 sec. En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, un fonctionnement \u00e0 sec se produit lorsque la pompe fonctionne sans le fluide n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 sa lubrification et \u00e0 son refroidissement. Cela entra\u00eene une surchauffe, une usure pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e des composants et, \u00e0 terme, une panne de la pompe. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne peut \u00eatre d\u00fb \u00e0 un niveau de fluide insuffisant, \u00e0 des obstructions, \u00e0 la cavitation de la pompe, ou \u00e0 d'autres facteurs que nous aborderons plus en d\u00e9tail.<\/p>\n

Pourquoi le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes est-il un probl\u00e8me grave ?<\/h2>\n

Le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes est un probl\u00e8me grave car il entra\u00eene des dommages importants non seulement aux pompes elles-m\u00eames, mais aussi \u00e0 l'ensemble du syst\u00e8me qu'elles alimentent. Les lubrifiants et les fluides assurent un fonctionnement sans frottement et dissipent la chaleur des pompes. Ainsi, en cas de fonctionnement \u00e0 sec, les pertes par frottement, l'usure des joints, des roulements et des pi\u00e8ces mobiles augmentent, ce qui accro\u00eet la production de chaleur et endommage les joints d'\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9. C'est pourquoi les pompes tombent en panne.<\/p>\n

\"pompe<\/p>\n

Quelles sont les causes du fonctionnement \u00e0 sec dans les syst\u00e8mes hydrauliques\u00a0?<\/h2>\n

Il existe des dizaines de causes au fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Amor\u00e7age incorrect avant le d\u00e9marrage<\/li>\n
  2. Probl\u00e8mes d'entra\u00eenement d'air ou de cavitation<\/li>\n
  3. Fuites dans la conduite d'aspiration ou vannes d\u00e9fectueuses<\/li>\n
  4. Erreur de l'op\u00e9rateur lors de la maintenance ou de la mise en service<\/li>\n
  5. Niveaux de liquide faibles dans le r\u00e9servoir<\/li>\n
  6. Capteurs de niveau ou alarmes d\u00e9fectueux<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Manque de lubrification<\/h3>\n

    Toutes les machines tournantes, y compris les pompes (notamment les pompes centrifuges), d\u00e9pendent du fluide pomp\u00e9 pour lubrifier leurs composants internes, tels que les joints et les paliers. En l'absence de lubrifiant, le frottement dans les pompes augmente, ce qui g\u00e9n\u00e8re de la chaleur. Si cette chaleur d\u00e9passe les limites de conception, les joints des pompes peuvent br\u00fbler ou se fissurer, entra\u00eenant ainsi des fuites et la panne des pompes.<\/p>\n

    Surchauffe de la pompe<\/h3>\n

    Les huiles lubrifiantes ne se contentent pas de lubrifier, elles contribuent \u00e9galement \u00e0 la dissipation de la chaleur. En l'absence de fluide pour absorber et dissiper la chaleur, les composants internes de la pompe, notamment la roue et le carter, peuvent surchauffer. Cette surchauffe entra\u00eene une dilatation thermique susceptible de provoquer des d\u00e9formations, voire des gauchissements, ce qui est extr\u00eamement dangereux et peut endommager irr\u00e9m\u00e9diablement le corps et l'arbre de la pompe.<\/p>\n

    Dommages au joint et \u00e0 la turbine<\/h3>\n

    Les pompes contiennent \u00e9galement des garnitures m\u00e9caniques particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables en cas de fonctionnement \u00e0 sec, car elles peuvent se rompre en quelques secondes. De plus, les roues peuvent frotter contre le corps de pompe, ce qui entra\u00eene une usure ou des rayures.<\/p>\n

    Risque de cavitation<\/h3>\n

    La cavitation est la pr\u00e9sence de vapeurs d'air ou de bulles qui implosent dans les pompes. Lorsque la pompe fonctionne \u00e0 sec, de l'air peut \u00eatre aspir\u00e9 dans le syst\u00e8me, provoquant ainsi de la cavitation. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne engendre des piq\u00fbres et des vibrations, ce qui r\u00e9duit d'autant plus l'efficacit\u00e9 et la dur\u00e9e de vie des pompes.<\/p>\n

    Fonctionnement \u00e0 sec momentan\u00e9 ou prolong\u00e9 des pompes<\/h2>\n

    La dur\u00e9e du fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes est directement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la gravit\u00e9 des probl\u00e8mes qu'il peut engendrer \u00e0 terme. On distingue deux types de fonctionnement \u00e0 sec\u00a0: momentan\u00e9 et prolong\u00e9. Un fonctionnement \u00e0 sec momentan\u00e9, qui ne dure que quelques secondes, peut provoquer une usure mineure ou une l\u00e9g\u00e8re surchauffe, mais reste souvent tol\u00e9rable pour certaines pompes s'il est peu fr\u00e9quent. En revanche, un fonctionnement \u00e0 sec prolong\u00e9, durant plusieurs minutes, est extr\u00eamement dommageable et peut entra\u00eener une surchauffe, une d\u00e9faillance des joints, de la cavitation et, potentiellement, la destruction de la pompe.<\/p>\n

    Un fonctionnement \u00e0 sec momentan\u00e9 peut ne pas entra\u00eener de panne imm\u00e9diate, mais des incidents r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s ou prolong\u00e9s peuvent r\u00e9duire consid\u00e9rablement la dur\u00e9e de vie de la pompe. Un fonctionnement \u00e0 sec prolong\u00e9 provoque presque toujours des dommages importants et des r\u00e9parations co\u00fbteuses.<\/p>\n

    Types de pompes affect\u00e9es par le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec<\/h2>\n

    Diff\u00e9rences de sensibilit\u00e9 au fonctionnement \u00e0 sec selon la conception et les besoins en lubrification\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Type de pompe<\/strong><\/td>\nTol\u00e9rance au fonctionnement \u00e0 sec<\/strong><\/td>\nNotes<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pompe \u00e0 engrenages<\/a><\/td>\nFaible<\/td>\nN\u00e9cessite du liquide pour la lubrification des engrenages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pompe \u00e0 palettes<\/td>\nFaible \u00e0 mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/td>\nLes ailettes s'usent rapidement sans fluide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pompe centrifuge<\/a><\/td>\nFaible<\/td>\nLes joints et les turbines surchauffent facilement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pompe \u00e0 membrane<\/td>\nHaut<\/td>\nPeut fonctionner \u00e0 sec sans dommage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Pompe p\u00e9ristaltique<\/td>\nTr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/td>\nId\u00e9al pour les essais \u00e0 blanc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Effets et cons\u00e9quences du fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes<\/h2>\n

    Le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes peut engendrer des co\u00fbts de r\u00e9paration bien plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, voire le remplacement complet des pompes. Parmi les effets les plus n\u00e9fastes du fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes, on peut citer\u00a0:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Dommages m\u00e9caniques tels que rayures, grippages ou blocages des composants internes.<\/li>\n
    2. Surchauffe de la pompe due \u00e0 la chaleur induite par le frottement caus\u00e9 par un manque de lubrification.<\/li>\n
    3. D\u00e9faillances des joints, des rondelles et des roulements dues \u00e0 la chaleur et aux vibrations<\/li>\n
    4. Diminution de l'efficacit\u00e9 ou panne totale de la pompe<\/li>\n
    5. Contamination du fluide hydraulique par des composants d\u00e9grad\u00e9s \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur des pompes et par des d\u00e9bris<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      D\u00e9tection et signes avant-coureurs du fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes<\/h2>\n

      Le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes peut \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 plusieurs signes avant-coureurs indiquant des conditions de fonctionnement anormales.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. L'un des indicateurs les plus courants est un bruit inhabituel, tel qu'un crissement, un sifflement ou un grincement, caus\u00e9 par un contact m\u00e9tal sur m\u00e9tal d\u00fb \u00e0 un manque de lubrification par fluide.<\/li>\n
      2. Un autre signe est la possibilit\u00e9 de chutes de pression ou de relev\u00e9s de pression erratiques lorsque la pompe perd sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 maintenir un d\u00e9bit correct. C'est un signal d'une possible perte d'aspiration.<\/li>\n
      3. De plus, une augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature au niveau du carter de la pompe est un signe critique g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d\u00fb \u00e0 la friction et \u00e0 un manque de refroidissement du fluide.<\/li>\n
      4. Les op\u00e9rateurs peuvent \u00e9galement constater des vibrations excessives, qui peuvent provenir d'un d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre des composants internes ou de la cavitation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Avec le temps, ces conditions entra\u00eenent une usure rapide des joints, des roulements et autres pi\u00e8ces mobiles, soulignant l'importance d'une d\u00e9tection pr\u00e9coce et d'une action corrective imm\u00e9diate.<\/p>\n

        Strat\u00e9gies de pr\u00e9vention<\/h2>\n

        Le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec peut \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 plusieurs strat\u00e9gies cl\u00e9s\u00a0:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. La premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape consiste \u00e0 respecter les proc\u00e9dures de d\u00e9marrage appropri\u00e9es, telles que l'amor\u00e7age et la purge d'air.<\/li>\n
        2. Vient ensuite l'installation de capteurs de protection contre le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec qui vous permettront de savoir quand votre pompe s'ass\u00e8che afin que vous puissiez ajouter de l'huile ou du fluide pour \u00e9viter ce probl\u00e8me.<\/li>\n
        3. Troisi\u00e8mement, il est essentiel d'effectuer des contr\u00f4les r\u00e9guliers des niveaux de fluides et de l'int\u00e9grit\u00e9 de la conduite d'aspiration. Si vous disposez de capteurs, vous pouvez analyser les donn\u00e9es qu'ils fournissent et prendre les mesures n\u00e9cessaires sans d\u00e9lai.<\/li>\n
        4. De plus, la mise en place d'alarmes et de syst\u00e8mes de verrouillage automatis\u00e9s pour arr\u00eater la pompe en cas de conditions anormales peut \u00e9galement vous aider \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les dommages graves caus\u00e9s par le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec des pompes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \"emp\u00eacherExemple concret de fonctionnement \u00e0 sec d'une pompe<\/h2>\n

          Prenons un exemple concret. Une grande aci\u00e9rie utilise des pompes hydrauliques pour faire fonctionner sa machine de coul\u00e9e continue. Si l'une des pompes principales, charg\u00e9e de la circulation du fluide hydraulique vers l'oscillateur du moule, tombe en panne et que cela passe inaper\u00e7u, tout le processus de coul\u00e9e sera bloqu\u00e9. Ceci entra\u00eenera probablement des heures d'arr\u00eat impr\u00e9vu pour maintenance et une perte de production. une somme d'argent et d'heures de travail consid\u00e9rables.<\/strong><\/p>\n

          La production pourrait \u00eatre interrompue pendant plus de 36 heures, entra\u00eenant une perte financi\u00e8re importante estim\u00e9e \u00e0 $150,000<\/strong>, Cela inclut les temps d'arr\u00eat, les r\u00e9parations et le remplacement des fluides. Une enqu\u00eate permettra d'apporter des pr\u00e9cisions, notamment sur la pr\u00e9sence d'un dysfonctionnement du capteur ou de dispositifs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d'amor\u00e7age.<\/p>\n

          Conclusion<\/h2>\n

          Les pompes sont un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel des op\u00e9rations industrielles, qu'il y ait ou non des syst\u00e8mes hydrauliques. En tant qu'\u00e9quipements rotatifs, elles doivent \u00eatre lubrifi\u00e9es afin de minimiser l'usure par frottement. Le fonctionnement \u00e0 sec est la cause la plus fr\u00e9quente de panne des pompes, un probl\u00e8me souvent n\u00e9glig\u00e9 ou retard\u00e9. Ce retard engendre des pertes importantes en maintenance et des difficult\u00e9s d'exploitation. Une bonne compr\u00e9hension des techniques de lubrification et des autres m\u00e9thodes pr\u00e9ventives permet d'\u00e9viter les pannes de pompes et de maintenir l'efficacit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me.<\/p>\n

          Pour les machines hydrauliques comme pompes<\/a>, blocs collecteurs hydrauliques<\/a>, groupes hydrauliques<\/a> et vannes<\/a>, n'h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 nous contacter Hydraflu<\/a> pour un devis et une livraison rapides.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          Introduction Dry running of pumps or any hydraulic machinery is highly damaging to the equipment and costs hundreds of dollars to get the repair work […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow To Prevent Dry Running Pumps And Their Issues - 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